资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
“人事大换防”频现 万科、旭辉等房企启动开年新一轮架构调整******
2023年新年伊始,地产行业迎来首波房企高管“换防”小高峰,包括万科、旭辉、融创、龙湖等房企多名区域高管发生职位变动。
新京报记者也注意到,开年的首轮高管变动也与新一年房企战略调整密切相关,尤其是房企内部管理架构的调整、区域的合并或升级都有可能带来新的高管层面的变动,这也意味着2023年新的“战役”已经打响。
万科、旭辉等多家房企“区首”发生变化
从2022年12月至今,短短一个月期间,万科先后对上海区域、南方区域进行了人事换防。
2022年12月16日,万科调整上海区域高管任命。其中,万科开发经营本部CEO张海不再兼任上海区域区首,全身心投入集团开发业务的整体提升工作;原上海区域副总经理、业绩第一的杭州公司总经理吴镝升任上海区域区首。
继上海区域后,万科南方区域也开始人事换防。1月9日,原东莞万科总经理周嵘出任深圳万科总经理,南方区域副总经理李东接任东莞万科总经理一职。
从这两次区域高管的任命来看,万科均是从“听得见战火”的一线提拔将领,吴镝和周嵘在过往经历中都有出色的业绩表现,这也体现了万科在2023年依旧强营销、打硬仗的思路。
进入新年,旭辉营销中心总经理闫强和华北区域总裁董毅双双跳槽,据市场消息,闫强将加盟龙湖担任龙湖苏州事业部总经理,而董毅将加入越秀集团担任华北区域副总裁,但目前龙湖和越秀尚未发布官方人事任命公告。
同样备受关注的还有融创华北区域的人事换防。根据华北区域管理需要,融创总部任命易绪兵为集团副总裁,兼任华北区域总裁,不再担任北京区域总裁助理兼石家庄公司城市总经理职位。同时,集团执行总裁迟迅不再兼任华北区域总裁,调任融创总部,另有任用。
此外,在新年伊始,随着“新帅”陈序平的上任,老将邵明晓“功成身退”,已计划退休,于1月10日辞任龙湖集团非执行董事及董事会副主席,这也意味着龙湖进一步完成了新旧管理层的更迭。
人事换防背后:新一轮区域架构调整开启
新京报记者注意到,开年的高管变动多为区域层面的“一把手”,这也反映出房企在新年伊始正在进行新一轮架构调整,随着区域的裂变、合并带来了人事上的变动。
关于华北区域总裁董毅的离职,旭辉集团向新京报回复称:“董毅华北区域集团总裁职务的调整已经发文,交接期到这个月月底。华北区域与西北区域合并,原西北区域总经理周长亮将担任新的华北区域的总经理。”
回顾董毅调任华北区域总裁时正值华北区域的成立,即2020年1月,旭辉整合原北京事业部、天津事业部成立华北区域,而此次华北区域和西北区域的合并也意味着华北区域不再作为单独的营销区域。从旭辉华北区域的单列到合并,也可以反映出该区域地位的变化,同时,也从侧面看出旭辉华北区域的业绩实现并非一帆风顺,天津、石家庄等地随着市场转冷业绩也面临下滑。
同样启动新一轮组织架构调整的还有融创集团,主要包括成立地产经营中心、资本与融资中心以及资产运营管理中心三大中心平台,由此达到“瘦身”增效和敏捷管理的目标,还同时包括部分区域的变更以及区域人员的下沉和精简。
而在新年直接宣布优化组织架构的还有绿城中国,其将浙西区域集团、浙东区域公司、杭州亚运村项目公司合并,成立浙江区域集团,按区域集团类别管理,负责浙江省、福建省的投资拓展与项目管理。随着浙江区域公司的合并,其内部人事任命也发生调整。据悉,原浙西区域集团董事长迟峰,任新浙江区域集团联席董事长、总经理;原浙东区域公司董事长吴恒,任新浙江区域集团联席董事长。
同样完成区域调整的还有招商蛇口,其对全国范围内的8大区域中的4大区域进行了调整,涉及华东区域、江南区域、华南和深圳区域,包括南通、无锡、长沙、惠州等多个城市公司的新设和合并,也势必将带来人事层面的新变动。
目前房企组织架构的调整多聚焦在收缩,主要体现在区域的合并管理。对此,地产分析师严跃进认为,房企组织调整也反映市场环境的变化,2022年房地产市场整体低迷,2023年市场预期仍需时间修复;目前的市场环境继续“做大”并不合适,收敛聚焦也是为了应对后续潜在的风险。
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)